6th Grade-FORCES SHAPING THE EARTH (Chapter 1, Section 3)

The earth has three layers. They are the core, mantle, and crust.
The earth's core is its center. It is made of hot iron mixed with other metals and rock. The core has two parts. The very center is solid. The outer layer is hot liquid metal. Around the core is the mantle. This is a layer of rock. It is 1,800 miles thick.

The mantle has two parts. The inside part is solid rock. The outside part.sometimes melts. This melted rock is called magma.When a volcano explodes, magma flows to the earth's surface. The top layer of the earth is the crust. It is thinner than the outer layers. It is about 31 to 62 miles deep. The ocean floors are part of the crust. The crust is thinner there. The crust also includes the continents. These are seven huge land areas. The crust is thicker below these land areas.

Plate tectonics is a theory about the earth. It states that the crust is not a solid shell. Instead, it is made up of plates. These plates float on the mantle's liquid rock. They often move in different directions. Oceans and continents sit on these giant plates. Millions of years ago the continents use to fit together but they moved apart. The plates are still moving, they move a few inches a year. Sometimes plates pull apart. Sometimes they push together. Two continental plates smashing together makes mountains.

A continental plate is thicker than an ocean plate. When these two kinds of plates hit, the continental plate will slide over the ocean plate. The edge of the lower plate melts. The liquid rock may erupt in a volcano. The two sliding plates may also cause the earth's crust to move suddenly. This is an earthquake. Earthquakes can destroy buildings. Earthquakes under the ocean can cause huge waves called tsuamis. These waves can flood towns next to the ocean.

Sometimes two plates do not hit head-on. They rub their sides together as they move different ways. This causes faults.These are cracks in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can happen near faults. Forces inside the earth cause volcanoes and earthquakes. These change the earth's landforms. Forces on the earth's surface keep changing these landforms. Weathering is the process of breaking rocks into smaller and smaller pieces. Huge rocks become gravel . Gravel becomes sand. Sand becomes soil.

Water and frost cause this to happen. Water drips into cracks in rocks and freezes. Ice gets bigger as it freezes. As the ice gets bigger in the crack, it splits the rock. `Chemicals and plants also cause weathering. Chemicals in dirty air mix with rain. The rain falls to the earth. The chemicals eat away the rocks. Plant seeds fall into the cracks. The plants spread their roots. In time, the roots cause huge rocks to break apart. 

Erosion is the process of wearing away or moving weathered material. Water, wind, and ice cause erosion. They carry away rocks and soil. Rain picks up sand and dirt as it runs downhill. Rivers pick up sand and soil along their banks. Wind also blows soil and sand to there places. Sand in the wind works like sandpaper. It hits rocks and rubs them smooth. Ice is the third cause of erosion. Glaciers are giant sheets of ice. They form high in mountains. As they move, the change the land. They carry rocks down the mountains. The rocks are like sandpaper, too. They grind everything below them as they move. In time, the weight of the ice cuts valleys at the mountains' base.

Questions 

1. How many layers does the earth have? Name them.

2. What is Plate tectonics?

3. What do oceans and continents sit on?

4. What happened to the continents over the years?

5. What causes an earthquake?

6. What tsunamis?What happens when these occur?

7. What causes faults?

8. What changes the earth's landforms?

9. What is weathering?

10. Describe one thing that occurs in the weathering process?

10. What is erosion?

11. What are glaciers made up of?

12. What do they(glaciers) form?

Celebrate Freedom Week

This week is Celebrate Freedom Week. We have studied the Constitution and the history behind it. As always we will be having a quiz on the material so PLEASE STUDY!

There were 13 original colonies, they are as followed: Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Deleware, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.

The PREAMBLE is the introduction to the Constitution and it lists the 6 goals of American Government.
 The Preamble
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

What did our founding fathers mean by these phrases?

"A more perfect union"  means "A better country"
"Domestic tranquility" means  "Peace in our country"
"Provide for the common defense" means "Protect all citizens"
"Promote the general welfare" means "Help those in needs so everyone can be well"
"Secure the blessings of liberty" means "Keep us free"

Vocabulary

Bill of Rights (a formal statement of the fundemental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10, and in all state constitutions) 
Delegates (A person designated to act for or represent another or others)
Preamble (The introductory statement of the U.S Constitution)


The Amendments

Protections Afforded Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
Amendment 1: Freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly; the right to petition the government.
Protections Against Arbitrary Military Action
Amendment 2: Right to bear arms and maintain state militias (National Guard). Amendment 3: Troops may not be quartered in homes in peacetime.
Protection Against Arbitrary Police and Court Action
Amendment 4: No unreasonable searches or seizures. Amendment 5: Grand Jury indictment required to prosecute a person for a serious crime. No "double jeopardy" -- being tried twice for the same offense. Forcing a person to testify against himself or herself prohibited. No loss of life, liberty or property without due process. Amendment 6: Right to speedy, public, impartial trial with defense counsel, and right to cross-examine witnesses. Amendment 7: Jury trials in civil suits where value exceeds 20 dollars. Amendment 8: No excessive bail or fines, no cruel and unusual punishments.
Protections of States' Rights and Unnamed Rights of the People
Amendment 9: Unlisted rights are not necessarily denied. Amendment 10: Powers not delegated to the United States or denied to states are reserved to the states or to the people.

Final Question on Florida Leading Up Test 2

Progress Reports were issued on September 4th to those students who had an overall class average of a "D" or  below. This does not mean that the student has failed for the 9 weeks, it was simply a update on the academic progress for both the parent and student.

All 7th grade students have been issued a book. These books were issued on Tuesday, September 4th. Whenever an assignment is not completed in class, students will have the opportunity to complete them at home and turn them in the next day. Four sets of questions were assigned on September 1st and 2nd. Those questions were collected, scored, and reissued for students to use during their OPEN NOTE TEST. They were also allowed to work in groups with three other students. This was an opportunity for everyone to score a 100%. 
           


                    Florida's Cultural Diversity


1. What has shaped Florida's population?
2. Who attends Florida's public schools?
3.What is the largest minority group in FL?
4. Who has the largest population group in the state?
What is the percentage?
5. What did immigrants from different countries bring with
them when they moved to FL?
6. What is the economic impact of cultural diversity?

Florida Urban Life vs Environmental Concerns
1. Name three consequences of unrestricted growth.
2. Give an example of how Florida is working to restore
a damaged ecosystem.
3. Write a paragraph that explains how the opening of a
large tourist attraction, such as a theme park, can affect
Florida's economy.

        Old Florida vs New Florida

1. How was immigration affected Florida voters in elections
for public office?
2. Create a Venn Diagram. List features of "Old Florida" in one circle and features of "New Florida" in the other.

Florida's Economy

1.Florida grows about _______ of the nations fruit.
2.Today FL ranks 2nd only to CA in the amount of vegetables produced.
3. Besides fruits and vegetables what else does FL have that the nation benefits from?
4. Florida ranks____in the nation in high-tech employment.
5. What is the largest income producing industry in FL?
6. What is globalization?
7. What are some jobs that are an important part of the economy. 

                             Test 2 (Florida)

1. How has immigration affected Florida voters in elections or public office.
2.Today FL ranks ____ only to CA in the amount of vegetables produced.
3. Besides fruits and vegetables what else does FL have that the nation benefits from?
4. Florida ranks____in the nation in high-tech employment.
5. What is the largest income producing industry in FL?
6. What is globalization?
7. What are some jobs that are an important part of the

economy.        

8. Give an example of how Florida is working to restore a damaged ecosystem.
9. Write a paragraph that explains how the opening of a large tourist attraction, such as a theme park, can affect Florida's economy.
10. What has shaped Florida's population?
11. Who attends Florida's public schools?
12.What is the largest minority group in FL?
13. Who has the largest population group in the state?
What is the percentage?
14. What did immigrants from different countries bring with
them when they moved to FL?
15. What is the economic impact of cultural diversity?

Florida's History

Native American culture flourished in Florida until arrival of Europeans. Conflicts arose between the Europeans, Native American, and among other competing European nations.

When Florida became a aprt of the U.S Native Americans were relocated.
Florida became a slave state first and then a member of the confederacy the Civil War.

About 12,000 years ago Native Americans arrived in Florida. These people were nomads, moved from place to place, following their food supply. Native Americans who came and lived in Florida developed agricultural, villages, trade, and political and religious systems.
Two highly organized farming groups, the Apalachee and the Timucua lived in North Florida. The Calusa who came from South America, lived along the SW Gulf Coase and dominated South Florida.  

Ponce De Leon, a spanish explorer arrived in April 1513. He called the area, La Florida, Feast of Flowers.

Many Spanish Explorers tried to settle in Florida but failed. The French were also interested in Florida, they also failed. Spain entered the Seven Years War, known in America as the French and Indian War. In 1762 the British captured Havana, Cuba and to get it back Spain ave up Florida to the British in 1763.

 After the American Revolution, the American colonies won their independence Florida was returned to Spain in 1783.

In lot of problems arose which erupted a war, the First Seminole War (1817-1818). General Andrew Jackson led the U.S to quick victories in Fl and South Ga.

Spain finally gave Fl to the U.S 1821.

Jackson, the new territorial governor, wanted to develop the region and felt that Seminole wasn't going to allow. The second Seminole War began over the question of whether or not the Seminoles be forced to move to Okalahoma. In 1837 General Zachary Taylor tricked Osceola by calling a truce and when he surrendered he was arrested. Osceola died in prison.


Florida became a state in 1845. For a bried time African Americans were allowed to vote but when Federal
trooped left in 1877, southern legislatures enacted discriminatory laws. African Americans lost thier voice in government for almost 100 years.

In the 19th Century, Henry Flager developed the Fl East Coast railroad down the peninsula into and across the Fl Keys. This created hotels and communities along the way.  

Tourism grew in the early 1900s, a major land boom began. Hurricanes in 1926 and 1928 hurt the economy. and a fruit fly invasion in 1929 cut cittrus products by 40%, The onset of the Great Depression urt Fl in 1929. In 1950 America's space program was established ay Cape Canaveral bringing more growth to Fl.

In 1971 Walt Disney World opened, the first park was Magic Kingdom.

Florida entered the 20th Century as the 4th most popular state!